In 1854 the California State Supreme Court sought to bar all non­ Caucasians from equal citizenship and civil rights. The court stated: The word “Black” may include all Negroes, but the term “Negro” does not include all Black persons. . . . We are of the opinion that the words “White,” “Negro,” “Mulatto” and “Black…

Kenneth Kaunda, President of the Republic of Zambia, has become one of the best known African leaders for a number of reasons: his involvement in the non-aligned movement; his advocacy of “humanism”; his position as a front-line statesman intimately involved with the denouement of the anachronism of white supremacy and the successful emergence of Zimbabwe.…

ABSTRACT
Production of vivoplants of banana and plantain is an important step in the use in the field of healthy planting material, free of bacterial or viral infection. The objective of this study was to assess the recovery and the subsequent seedlings growth from banana fragments to different substrates for rapid multiplication of banana suckers in Benin. An experiment was set up following a two-factor split plot arrangement with three repetitions. The first factor was the substrate at three levels (White sawdust, Coconut peat + sand and White sawdust + cassava effluent); and the second was the cultivar free from bacterial and viral infections, with four levels (Aloga, Planta, Sotoumon and Gunkoékoé), totally 12 treatments. From the results, the appearance of the buds depended on the nature of the substrate and the type of cultivar. Coco peat + sand and sawdust + cassava effluent were significantly different (P<0.001) in influencing the number of leaves and roots, leaf area, plant height, diameter at the collar of the seedlings and the number of young seedlings per banana explant. The highest number of leaves and roots, and young seedlings; and greatest plant height and diameter were obtained with coco peat + sand and white sawdust + cassava effluent, at the collar of the seedlings. From this study, it is clear that coconut peat + sand is the best substrate for the rapid multiplication of banana plantlets from the fragments method. J.C.A.O. Olounlade I. Balogoun A. Adandonon M. Zandjanakou-Tachin

W.H.G. Kingston “Great African Travellers” From Mungo Park To Livingstone And Stanley. Published in 1874 Chapter One. Introductory. Introduction—The African Association—Ledyard—Lucas—First information respecting the Niger, or Quorra, and the Gambia—Timbuctoo heard of—Thompson and Jobson’s voyage up the Gambia—Major Haughton’s expedition and death. When the fathers of the present generation were young men, and George the…

Greek Philosophers Who Came To Africa To Study. Today many Africans trek to Europe and other places to study and work, but the reverse was true in the past when other nationals braced the peril of the seas and deserts to come to study in Africa. These included European intellectual and cultural icons who sat…

Colonists Hunting Wild Animals in central and southern Africa. Photobook PDF

by Chimurenga Chronicles This is the paper produced for a SASO Leadership Training Course in December 1971 by Bantu Stephen Biko. We have defined blacks as those who are by law or tradition politically, economically and socially discriminated against as a group in the South African society and identifying themselves as a unit in the…

Abstract: This article argues that Black Consciousness as a philosophy transcends all political organisations and ideologies, because its architects were interested in rallying the whole country to fight apartheid regardless of political affiliation. The same consciousness that was raised in the 1960s could still influence political business today in democratic South Africa. To this end,…